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5 articles with references, page 5 of 5

cme

The Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus

Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109(1-2): 15-26; DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0015

Kiefer, M; Unterberg, A

1.Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM: Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 4–16. MEDLINE
2.Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie: Leitlinie Normaldruckhydrocephalus.
3. Ishikawa M, Hashimoto M, Kuwana N, et al.: Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2008; 48(Suppl): S1–23. CrossRef MEDLINE
4. Ziegler U, Doblhammer G: Prevalence and incidence of dementia in Germany—a study based on data from the public sick funds in 2002. Gesundheitswesen 2009; 71: 281–90. CrossRef MEDLINE
5. Brean A, Fredo HL, Sollid S, Muller T, Sundstrom T, Eide PK: Five-year incidence of surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in Norway. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 120: 314–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
6. Tanaka N, Yamaguchi S, Ishikawa H, Ishii H, Meguro K: Prevalence of possible idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus in Japan: the Osaki-Tajiri project. Neuroepidemiology 2009; 32: 171–5. CrossRef MEDLINE
7. Krauss JK, Halve B: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: survey on contemporary diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice. Acta Neurochir 2004; 146: 379–88. CrossRef MEDLINE
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a five-year follow-up. Acta Neurochir (Supp) 2010; 106: 107–12. CrossRef MEDLINE
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13. Hellstrom P, Edsbagge M, Blomsterwall E, et al.: Neuropsychological effects of shunt treatment in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2008; 63: 527–35. CrossRef MEDLINE
14. Vanneste JA: Diagnosis and management of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 2000; 247: 5–14. CrossRef MEDLINE
15. Kiefer M, Eymann R: Clinical proof of the importance of compliance for hydrocephalus pathophysiology. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 69–73. CrossRef MEDLINE
16. Weerakkody RA, Czosnyka M, Schuhmann MU, et al.: Clinical assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in hydrocephalus. Guide to interpretation based on observational study. Acta Neurol Scand 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600–0404.2010.01467.x. CrossRef MEDLINE
17. Kiefer M, Eymann R: Huge thrombosis as a consequence of VA-shunts. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 95–9. CrossRef MEDLINE
18.Cage TA, Auguste KI, Wrensch M, Wu YW, Gupta N: Self-reported functional outcome after surgical intervention in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 18: 649–54. CrossRef MEDLINE
19. Bergsneider M, Black PM, Klinge P, Marmarou A, Relkin N: Surgical management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 29–39. MEDLINE
20. Lavinio A, Harding S, Van Der Boogaard F, et al.: Magnetic field interactions in adjustable hydrocephalus shunts. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008; 2: 222–8. CrossRef MEDLINE
21. Meier U, Kiefer M, Neumann U, Lemcke J: On the optimal opening pressure of hydrostatic valves in cases of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective randomized study with 123 patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 358–63. CrossRef MEDLINE
22. Eymann R, Chehab S, Strowitzki M, Steudel WI, Kiefer M: Clinical and economic consequences of antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid shunt catheters. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008; 1: 444–50. CrossRef MEDLINE
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e1. Wallenstein MB, McKhann GM 2nd.: Salomón Hakim and the discovery of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2010; 67(1): 155–9. CrossRef MEDLINE
e2. Adams RD, Fisher CM, Hakim S, Ojemann RG, Sweet WH: Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with Normal cerebrospinal-fluid pressure. A treatable syndrome. N Engl J Med 1965; 73: 117–26. CrossRef MEDLINE
e3. Eide PK, Sorteberg W: Diagnostic intracranial pressure monitoring and surgical management in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a 6-year review of 214 patients. Neurosurgery 2010; 66(1): 80–91. CrossRef MEDLINE
e4. Hashimoto M, Ishikawa M, Mori E, Kuwana N; Study of INPH on neurological improvement (SINPHONI). Diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is supported by MRI-based
scheme: a prospective cohort study. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2010; 31; 7: 18. MEDLINE
e5. Lemcke J, Meier U. Improved outcome in shunted iNPH with a combination of a Codman Hakim programmable valve and an Aesculap-Miethke ShuntAssistant. Cen Eur Neurosurg 2010; 71(3): 113–6. Epub 2010 Apr 6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e6. Kiefer M, Meier U, Eymann R: Does idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus always mean a poor prognosis? Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 101–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e7. Stein SC, Burnett MG, Sonnad SS: Shunts in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: do we place too many or too few? J Neurosurg 2006; 105(6): 815–22. CrossRef MEDLINE
e8. Toma AK, Stapleton S, Papadopoulos MC, Kitchen ND, Watkins LD: Natural history of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Rev 2011; 34(4): 433–9. CrossRef MEDLINE
e9. Brean A, Eide PK: Prevalence of probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a Norwegian population. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 118(1): 48–53. CrossRef MEDLINE
e10. Marmarou A, Young HF, Aygok GA: Estimated incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus and shunt outcome in patients residing in assisted-living and extended-care facilities. Neurosurg Focus 2007; 22(4): E1. CrossRef MEDLINE
e11. Vahl CF: Correspondence (letter to the editor): Hydrocephalus should not be forgotten. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108(8): 131. Published online 2011 February 25. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0131a VOLLTEXT
e12. Marmarou A, Black P, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N; International NPH Consultant Group. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: progress to date. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2005; 95: 237–40. CrossRef MEDLINE
e13. Steiner LA, Andrews PJD: Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97(1): 26–38. CrossRef MEDLINE
e14. Czosnyka M, Pickard JD: Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 813–21 CrossRef MEDLINE
e15. Eide PK, Sorteberg W. Changes in intracranial pulse pressure amplitudes after shunt implantation and adjustment of shunt valve opening pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008 Nov; 150(11): 1141–7. discussion 1147. Epub 2008 Oct 21. MEDLINE
e16. Petrella G, Czosnyka M, Keong N, Pickard JD, Czosnyka Z: How does CSF dynamics change after shunting? Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 118: 182–8. Epub 2008 May 29. CrossRef MEDLINE
e17. Tsakanikas D, Relkin N: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Semin Neurol 2007; 27: 58–65. CrossRef MEDLINE
e18. Shprecher D, Schwalb J, Kurlan R: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2008; 8: 371–6. MEDLINE
e19. Oi S: Hydrocephalus chronology in adults: confused state of the terminology. Crit Rev Neurosurg 1998; 8(6): 346–56. CrossRef MEDLINE
e20. Gallia GL, Rigamonti D, Williams MA. The diagnosis and
treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006; 2: 375–81. Review. CrossRef MEDLINE
e21. Casmiro M, D’Alessandro R, Cacciatore FM et al.: Risk factors
for the syndrome of ventricular enlargement with gait apraxia (idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus): a case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52: 847–52. CrossRef MEDLINE
e22. Stephensen H, Tisell M, Wikkelsö C: Intracranial pressure during wakefulness and sleep in 55 adult patients with chronic hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2006; 59(2): 326–32; discussion 326–32. CrossRef MEDLINE
e23. Wilson RK, Williams MA: Evidence that congenital hydrocephalus is a precursor to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in only a subset of patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 508–11. CrossRef MEDLINE
e24. Tisell M, Hellström P, Ahl-Börjesson G, et al.: Long-term outcome in 109 adult patients operated on for hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg 2006; 20(4): 214–21. CrossRef MEDLINE
e25. Meier U, Lemcke J, Neumann U: Predictors of outcome in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 352–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e26. Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, et al.: Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging(CME). Neurology 2010 September 7; 75(10): 889–97. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f11d85. CrossRef MEDLINE
e27. Weyerer S: Altersdemenz. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes 2005, Heft 28. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.
e28. Bickel H: Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie. In: Wallesch, C-W, Förstl, H (eds.): Demenzen. Stuttgart, New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 2005; 1–15.
e29. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al.: Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. The Lancet 2005; 366: 2112–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e30. Clarfield AM: The reversible dementias: do they reverse? Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 476–86. MEDLINE
e31. Beck JC, et al.: Dementia in the elderly: the silent epidemic. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97: 231–41. MEDLINE
e32. Vanneste J, Augustijn P, Dirven C, Tan WF, Goedhart ZD: Shunting normal-pressure hydrocephalus: do the benefits outweigh the risks? Multicenter study and literature review. Neurology 1992; 42: 54–9. MEDLINE
e33. Conn HO: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): more about NPH by a physician who is the patient. Clin Med 2011; 11(2): 162–5. MEDLINE
e34. Trenkenwalder C, Schwarz J, Gebhard J, et al.: Starnberg trial on epidemiology of parkinsonism and hypertension in the elderly. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders assessed by a door-to-door survey of inhabitants older than 65 years. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 1017–22. CrossRef MEDLINE
e35. Leionen V, Koivisto AM, Savolainen S, et al.: Amyloid and Tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 446–53. MEDLINE
e36. Golomb J, Wisoff J, Miller DC, et al.: Alzheimer’s disease comorbidity in normal pressure hydrocephalus: prevalence and shuntresponse. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 778–81. CrossRef MEDLINE
e37. Boon AJ, Tans JT, Delwel EJ, et al.: Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: prediction of outcome after shunting by resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 1997; 87: 687–93. CrossRef MEDLINE
e38. Boon AJ, Tans JTJ, Delwel EJ, et al.: Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: the role of cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 90, 1999: 221–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e39. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI: Outcome predictors for normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 364–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e40. Hellström P, Klinge P, Tans J, Wikkelsø C:
The neuropsychology of iNPH: Findings and evaluation of tests in the European multicentre study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg (2011),
doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.09.014 CrossRef MEDLINE
e41. Hellström P, Edsbagge M, Archer T, Tisell M, Tullberg M, Wikkelsø C: The neuropsychology of patients with clinically diagnosed idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2007; 61(6): 1219–26; discussion 1227–8. CrossRef MEDLINE
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e59. Zemack G, Romner B: Adjustable valves in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a retrospective study of 218 patients. Neurosurgery 2008; 62(Suppl 2): 677–87. CrossRef MEDLINE
e60. Sprung C, Schlosser HG, Lemcke J, et al.: The adjustable proGAV shunt: a prospective safety and reliability multicenter study. Neurosurgery 2010; 66(3): 465–74. CrossRef MEDLINE
e61. Lemcke J, Meier U: Improved outcome in shunted iNPH with a combination of a Codman Hakim programmable valve and an Aesculap-Miethke ShuntAssistant. Cen Eur Neurosurg 2010; 71(3): 113–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e62. Klinge P, Marmarou A, Bergschneider M, Relkin N, Black PM: Outcome of shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the value of outcome assessment in shunted patients. Neurosurgery 2005; 57(3 Suppl): 40–52; discussion ii-v. MEDLINE
e63. Meier U, Kiefer M, Neumann U, Lemcke J: On the optimal opening pressure of hydrostatic valves in cases of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a prospective randomized study with 123 patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 358–63. CrossRef MEDLINE
e64. Meier U, Stengel D, Müller C, et al.: Final results of the SWASONA study in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2011; 153: 1848–9 (Abstract).
e65. Kaestner S, Kruschat T, Nitzsche N, Deinsberger W: Gravitational shunt units may cause under-drainage in bedridden patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2009; 151: 217–21; discussion 221. Epub 2009 Feb 24. CrossRef MEDLINE
e66. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Meier U: Five years experience with gravitational shunts in chronic hydrocephalus of adults. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 144(8): 755–67; discussion 767. CrossRef MEDLINE
e67. Kiefer M, Eymann R: Gravitational shunt complications after a
five-year follow-up. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 107–12. CrossRef MEDLINE
e68. Meier U, Lemcke J, Al-Zain F: Course of disease in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH): a follow-up study 3, 4 and 5 years following shunt implantation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2008; 102: 125–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e69. Eide PK, Brean A: Intracranial pulse pressure amplitude levels determined during preoperative assessment of subjects with
possible idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148: 1151–6; discussion 1156. Epub 2006 Oct 16. CrossRef MEDLINE
e70. McGirt MJ, Woodworth G, Coon AL, Thomas G, Williams MA, Rigamonti D: Diagnosis, treatment, and analysis of long-term outcomes in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2005; 57(4): 699–705; discussion 699–705. CrossRef MEDLINE
e71. Pujari S, Kharkar S, Metellus P, Shuck J, Williams MA, Rigamonti D: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: long-term outcome after shunt surgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79(11): 1282–6. Epub 2008 Mar 20. CrossRef MEDLINE
e72. Meier U, Lemcke J: Co-morbidity as a predictor of outcome in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 127–30. CrossRef MEDLINE
e73. Toma AK, Tarnaris A, Kitchen ND, Watkins LD: Use of proGAV shunt valve in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2011; 68 (ONS Suppl 2): ons245–ons249. CrossRef MEDLINE
e74.Persönliche Mitteilung: Richards H gemäß Daten der UK-Shunt Registry
e75. Wallenstein MB, McKhann GM 2nd.: Salomón Hakim and the discovery of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2010; 67(1): 155–9. CrossRef MEDLINE
e76. Adams RD, Fisher CM, Hakim S, Ojemann RG, Sweet WH: Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with Normal cerebrospinal-fluid pressure. A treatable syndrome. N Engl J Med 1965; 73: 117–26. CrossRef MEDLINE
e77. Eide PK, Sorteberg W: Diagnostic intracranial pressure monitoring and surgical management in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a 6-year review of 214 patients. Neurosurgery 2010; 66(1): 80–91. CrossRef MEDLINE
e78. Hashimoto M, Ishikawa M, Mori E, Kuwana N; Study of INPH on neurological improvement (SINPHONI). Diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is supported by MRI-based
scheme: a prospective cohort study. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2010; 31; 7: 18. MEDLINE
e79. Lemcke J, Meier U. Improved outcome in shunted iNPH with a combination of a Codman Hakim programmable valve and an Aesculap-Miethke ShuntAssistant. Cen Eur Neurosurg 2010; 71(3): 113–6. Epub 2010 Apr 6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e80. Kiefer M, Meier U, Eymann R: Does idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus always mean a poor prognosis? Acta Neurochir Suppl 2010; 106: 101–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e81. Stein SC, Burnett MG, Sonnad SS: Shunts in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: do we place too many or too few? J Neurosurg 2006; 105(6): 815–22. CrossRef MEDLINE
e82. Toma AK, Stapleton S, Papadopoulos MC, Kitchen ND, Watkins LD: Natural history of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Rev 2011; 34(4): 433–9. CrossRef MEDLINE
e83. Brean A, Eide PK: Prevalence of probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a Norwegian population. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 118(1): 48–53. CrossRef MEDLINE
e84. Marmarou A, Young HF, Aygok GA: Estimated incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus and shunt outcome in patients residing in assisted-living and extended-care facilities. Neurosurg Focus 2007; 22(4): E1. CrossRef MEDLINE
e85. Vahl CF: Correspondence (letter to the editor): Hydrocephalus should not be forgotten. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108(8): 131. Published online 2011 February 25. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0131a VOLLTEXT
e86. Marmarou A, Black P, Bergsneider M, Klinge P, Relkin N; International NPH Consultant Group. Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: progress to date. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2005; 95: 237–40. CrossRef MEDLINE
e87. Steiner LA, Andrews PJD: Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and CBF. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97(1): 26–38. CrossRef MEDLINE
e88. Czosnyka M, Pickard JD: Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 813–21 CrossRef MEDLINE
e89. Eide PK, Sorteberg W. Changes in intracranial pulse pressure amplitudes after shunt implantation and adjustment of shunt valve opening pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008 Nov; 150(11): 1141–7. discussion 1147. Epub 2008 Oct 21. MEDLINE
e90. Petrella G, Czosnyka M, Keong N, Pickard JD, Czosnyka Z: How does CSF dynamics change after shunting? Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 118: 182–8. Epub 2008 May 29. CrossRef MEDLINE
e91. Tsakanikas D, Relkin N: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Semin Neurol 2007; 27: 58–65. CrossRef MEDLINE
e92.18. Shprecher D, Schwalb J, Kurlan R: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2008; 8: 371–6. MEDLINE
e93. Oi S: Hydrocephalus chronology in adults: confused state of the terminology. Crit Rev Neurosurg 1998; 8(6): 346–56. CrossRef MEDLINE
e94. Gallia GL, Rigamonti D, Williams MA. The diagnosis and
treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006; 2: 375–81. Review. CrossRef MEDLINE
e95. Casmiro M, D’Alessandro R, Cacciatore FM et al.: Risk factors
for the syndrome of ventricular enlargement with gait apraxia (idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus): a case-control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52: 847–52. CrossRef MEDLINE
e96. Stephensen H, Tisell M, Wikkelsö C: Intracranial pressure during wakefulness and sleep in 55 adult patients with chronic hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 2006; 59(2): 326–32; discussion 326–32. CrossRef MEDLINE
e97. Wilson RK, Williams MA: Evidence that congenital hydrocephalus is a precursor to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in only a subset of patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 508–11. CrossRef MEDLINE
e98. Tisell M, Hellström P, Ahl-Börjesson G, et al.: Long-term outcome in 109 adult patients operated on for hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg 2006; 20(4): 214–21. CrossRef MEDLINE
e99. Meier U, Lemcke J, Neumann U: Predictors of outcome in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 352–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e100. Petersen RC, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, et al.: Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment is higher in men: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging(CME). Neurology 2010 September 7; 75(10): 889–97. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f11d85. CrossRef MEDLINE
e101. Weyerer S: Altersdemenz. Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes 2005, Heft 28. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.
e102. Bickel H: Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie. In: Wallesch, C-W, Förstl, H (eds.): Demenzen. Stuttgart, New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 2005; 1–15.
e103. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al.: Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. The Lancet 2005; 366: 2112–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e104. Clarfield AM: The reversible dementias: do they reverse? Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 476–86. MEDLINE
e105. Beck JC, et al.: Dementia in the elderly: the silent epidemic. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97: 231–41. MEDLINE
e106. Vanneste J, Augustijn P, Dirven C, Tan WF, Goedhart ZD: Shunting normal-pressure hydrocephalus: do the benefits outweigh the risks? Multicenter study and literature review. Neurology 1992; 42: 54–9. MEDLINE
e107. Conn HO: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH): more about NPH by a physician who is the patient. Clin Med 2011; 11(2): 162–5. MEDLINE
e108. Trenkenwalder C, Schwarz J, Gebhard J, et al.: Starnberg trial on epidemiology of parkinsonism and hypertension in the elderly. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders assessed by a door-to-door survey of inhabitants older than 65 years. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 1017–22. CrossRef MEDLINE
e109. Leionen V, Koivisto AM, Savolainen S, et al.: Amyloid and Tau proteins in cortical brain biopsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 446–53. MEDLINE
e110. Golomb J, Wisoff J, Miller DC, et al.: Alzheimer’s disease comorbidity in normal pressure hydrocephalus: prevalence and shuntresponse. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 778–81. CrossRef MEDLINE
e111. Boon AJ, Tans JT, Delwel EJ, et al.: Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: prediction of outcome after shunting by resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosurg 1997; 87: 687–93. CrossRef MEDLINE
e112. Boon AJ, Tans JTJ, Delwel EJ, et al.: Dutch normal-pressure hydrocephalus study: the role of cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 90, 1999: 221–6. CrossRef MEDLINE
e113. Kiefer M, Eymann R, Steudel WI: Outcome predictors for normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96: 364–7. CrossRef MEDLINE
e114. Hellström P, Klinge P, Tans J, Wikkelsø C:
The neuropsychology of iNPH: Findings and evaluation of tests in the European multicentre study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg (2011),
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e148.Persönliche Mitteilung: Richards H gemäß Daten der UK-Shunt Registry